Abstract is a Layer-2 blockchain built on Ethereum, powered by zero-knowledge (ZK) cryptography, and specifically designed for consumer-focused applications. The project’s core goal is to make Web3 applications as intuitive, fast, and seamless as Web2 platforms while preserving Ethereum’s security and decentralization standards.

Abstract Philosophy

Abstract’s starting point is to eliminate the complexity that blockchain technology directly imposes on end users. The aim is for users to access decentralized applications without needing to know which network they are using, calculate gas, or store seed phrases. This approach is shaped around the concept of “chain abstraction.”

Chain abstraction means solving technical details at the infrastructure layer and presenting only the product experience to the user. Abstract aims to make this abstraction possible without compromising security and scalability. Thus, blockchain becomes not a technology for the user but an infrastructure running in the background.

How Does Abstract Infrastructure Work?

Abstract has a zk-rollup architecture operating on Ethereum. It uses the ZK Stack developed by zkSync and EigenDA for data availability in its infrastructure. With this structure, transactions are performed off the Ethereum mainnet, batched, and verified on Ethereum through zero-knowledge proofs.

This architecture offers three main advantages:

• Significant reduction in transaction fees
• High transaction capacity and fast confirmation times
• Preservation of Ethereum’s security and censorship resistance features

Additionally, Abstract is EVM compatible. This allows smart contracts developed for Ethereum to be ported to the Abstract network without major architectural changes. For developers, this means low migration costs and fast adaptation.

Native Account Abstraction: Redefining the Wallet Experience

One of the most important elements distinguishing Abstract from similar Layer-2 solutions is its native account abstraction approach. On the Abstract network, all user accounts operate as smart contract wallets by default. This structure elevates account abstraction from being an add-on or option to the protocol level.

Thanks to this architecture, users can:

• Use account recovery mechanisms
• Create multi-signature structures
• Set spending limits
• Pay gas fees with different tokens

All these features operate directly on-chain without needing external tools. The user experience gains a secure and flexible structure without creating a sense of technical complexity.

Abstract Global Wallet (AGW): Web3 Wallet with Web2 Comfort

Abstract Global Wallet (AGW) sits at the center of the user experience in the Abstract ecosystem. The primary goal of AGW is to eliminate the traditional wallet understanding based on browser extensions and seed phrases.

With AGW, users can:

• Email
• Social media accounts
• Passkey (keys supported by biometric authentication)

create wallets and log in through these methods. This approach offers a usage experience similar to Web2 applications.

AGW Security Structure

AGW uses Shamir’s Secret Sharing algorithm to ensure private key security. The user’s key is divided into three parts:

• One part is stored on the user’s device
• One part is held encrypted with the infrastructure provider
• The third part is stored in a backup area (such as iCloud or Google Drive)

Thanks to this design, secure recovery is possible in case of key loss. Any two parts are sufficient for regaining access to the wallet.

AGW creates an Externally Owned Account (EOA) in the background and deploys the smart contract wallet through this EOA. The user utilizes an advanced wallet infrastructure without being aware of this entire process.

Paymasters: Gas-Free Transaction Experience

Abstract enables users to perform transactions without paying gas fees through the Paymaster mechanism. In this model, decentralized applications can cover transaction fees on behalf of users.

This approach is particularly critical for games, social applications, and consumer-focused platforms. Users can use the application without dealing with steps like buying tokens, setting balances, or calculating gas. This is seen as an important threshold for the mass adoption of Web3.

Panoramic Governance: New Model in Revenue Sharing

Another notable innovation of Abstract is the Panoramic Governance mechanism. In traditional Layer-2 networks, chain revenues largely flow to the network operator, while applications and users cannot directly benefit from this value.

Panoramic Governance aims to eliminate this imbalance. Under the model:

• Applications receive a share of chain revenues proportional to the activity they provide to the ecosystem
• Users directly benefit from the network’s growth
• Governance participants are rewarded based on their contribution levels

Active Participation Threshold (APT)

APT is a filtering mechanism that ensures only users and protocols that truly contribute are rewarded. Metrics such as transaction count, gas usage, and on-chain interactions are evaluated. This structure does not encourage passive behavior and increases the system’s sustainability.

Abstract Bridge and Asset Transfer

Abstract offers asset transfer with the Ethereum mainnet through a native bridge. Through this bridge:

• ETH
• ERC-20 tokens

can be moved to the Abstract network. Approximate deposit time is 15 minutes, and withdrawal time is around 24 hours.

Abstract Badges: Activity-Based Digital Identity

Abstract Badges are digital badges that document users’ activities within the ecosystem. They are earned based on behaviors such as playing games, social interactions, or application usage.

These badges are expected to play an important role in reward mechanisms and potential airdrop processes in the future.

Abstract Ecosystem

Abstract is building an ecosystem that prioritizes entertainment and social use cases.

• Gaming: Pudgy World, Gigaverse, Onchain Heroes, Duper, RealGo
• Social and Entertainment: Gacha, Multiplier, Swipe, Zoo.fun
• DeFi and Trading: Magic Eden, Pandora Swap, Relay
• NFT and Cultural Projects: Canna Sapiens, Dented Feels, Holoworld AI

The Power Behind Abstract: Igloo Inc.

Abstract is developed by Igloo Inc., the company behind the Pudgy Penguins NFT project. In June 2024, the company integrated the Frame team into its structure, incorporating rollup development and creator economy expertise into the Abstract infrastructure.

Abstract Investors

Abstract has built a strong capital structure with support from investors of different profiles.

• Electric Capital (Venture)
• Igloo (Corporation)
• 0xMaki (Angel Investor)
• Luca Netz (Angel Investor)
• Ray Chan (Angel Investor)

Abstract Team

The Abstract team consists of experienced individuals in technical infrastructure, growth, and ecosystem development.

• Michael Lee – Co-Founder & CEO
• Hedge – Developer Relations
• Brian Hong – Growth Lead
• Phin – Marketing Lead
• Mason – Head of Ecosystem
• cygaar – Contributor
• Coffee – Contributor
• Logan – Contributor
• Jarrod Watts – Developer Relations
• Adrian – Business Operations Manager
• Abril Zucchi – Developer Relations

Official Links

• Website
• Whitepaper
• X (Twitter)

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