What’s Changing With Fusaka?

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) — responsible for executing smart contracts — will undergo significant protocol upgrades:

• New container format for smart contract bytecode, introducing better structure and clarity.
• Header (0xEF00 value) followed by a version number for future upgrades.
• Section table to provide metadata about the contract.
• Separated code and data sections, making contracts easier to analyze and verify.

This structure is designed to streamline EVM operations, increase efficiency, and provide a cleaner development environment for smart contract engineers.

Goodbye “JUMP”, Hello “RJUMP”

Currently, EVM uses JUMP and JUMPI to redirect execution to arbitrary bytecode positions — a method that can conceal malicious code.
Through EIP-4200 and EIP-4750, these dynamic jumps will be replaced by safer alternatives like CALLF (function call) and RETF (return from function). Additionally, RJUMP and RJUMPI will mandate hardcoded destinations within the bytecode.

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Controversy Surrounding EOF

However, not everyone supports EOF.
Developer Pascal Caversaccio and others have raised concerns that:

• EOF is overly complex,
• It adds unnecessary layers to an already intricate EVM system,
• It could open new vulnerabilities by requiring significant tooling upgrades,
• It might force indefinite maintenance of the legacy EVM.

A recent ETHPulse poll revealed that voters holding nearly 17,745 ETH oppose the EOF upgrade, while only a few holders with less than 300 ETH support it.

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