Economic Outlook and Inflation Expectations

The FOMC noted that economic activity continues to expand at a moderate pace. Although employment growth has slowed, the unemployment rate remained low through September. Inflation has risen this year and remains somewhat elevated. The Committee reaffirmed its commitment to maximum employment and a long-term 2% inflation target.

Fed policymakers project core PCE inflation at 2.5% and overall PCE at 2.4% by the end of 2026, down from previous forecasts of 2.6% in both categories. Unemployment is projected at 4.5% for 2025 and 4.4% for 2026. According to the median projection, interest rates are expected to reach 3.1% by the end of 2028.

Securities and Reserves

The FOMC decided to end the reduction of total securities holdings as of December 1. Reserve balances are assessed to be ample, and the Fed indicated it may begin purchasing shorter-term Treasury securities if needed to maintain sufficient reserves. The Committee will continue monitoring incoming data to evaluate the appropriate stance of monetary policy.

Voting Results

The policy decision passed with a 9-3 vote. Schmid and Goolsbee voted to keep rates unchanged, while Miran favored a half-point rate cut. Additionally, four Fed officials forecast an additional two-quarter-point rate cut for 2026.

Bitcoin and U.S. Stock Market Reaction

Following the decision, Bitcoin briefly fell below $92,000 but quickly recovered above $93,000. U.S. stock indices moved higher, with the Dow Jones up 0.62%, S&P 500 up 0.26%, and Nasdaq up 0.03%. Investors are closely watching the Fed’s rate cut and Treasury purchases.

• The Fed will purchase $40 billion in Treasury securities over the next 30 days

• Treasury purchases will begin on December 12

• Policy decision passed with a 9-3 vote

• Schmid and Goolsbee voted to keep rates unchanged

• Miran supported a half-point rate cut

• Four Fed officials forecast two quarter-point rate cuts in 2026

• Reduction of securities holdings ended on December 1

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Clear Signs of Economic Slowdown

In his remarks, Kashkari clearly stated that the economy is slowing. On the other hand, he noted that the impact of tariffs on inflation is still not fully understood. Despite this uncertainty, he said it may still be appropriate to begin adjusting the policy rate in the short term.

Two Rate Cuts Still Possible This Year

Kashkari stated that two rate cuts by the end of 2025 are still a valid scenario. However, there is an important condition here: if inflation starts to rise due to tariffs, the Fed may halt these cuts or even shift to a rate hike if necessary.

“Reversing Course May Be Better Than Waiting”

Kashkari emphasized that the time may have come to reverse course in rate policy, stating, “Reversing course may be better than waiting.” This message supports expectations that the Fed could move toward a monetary easing path in the fall.

Tariffs and Inflation Uncertain, But the Data is Clear

Kashkari said, “We don’t yet know what will happen with inflation, but the data we have on the slowdown is quite clear.” This indicates that the Fed may act based on growth data, even in the face of a murky inflation outlook.

Polymarket Data: Strong Rate Cuts Expectations

Meanwhile, with only 41 days left until the FOMC meeting on September 17, 2025, market expectations are already forming. According to Polymarket data:

• A 7% chance of a 50 basis point cut is expected,

• A 75% probability of a 25 basis point cut is projected,

• A 19% likelihood suggests no change in rates.

These figures indicate that markets are largely positioning toward a rate cut scenario.

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