Emre Yumlu 
In the age of blockchain, our concept of money is undergoing a profound transformation. It’s no longer just about physical bills or digital tokens — it’s becoming more about systems of trust and record-keeping. To truly grasp this shift, we must revisit the early days of human civilization.
Money Wasn’t Always a Thing You Could Hold
Bill Maurer, an anthropologist and the dean at UC Irvine’s School of Social Sciences, offers a compelling lens into this evolution. He emphasizes that to understand money’s essence, one must explore ancient societies like Mesopotamia.
So What Did They Use?
They relied on complex accounting systems — not for transferring value physically, but for tracking relationships. People used clay tablets to record debts and credits, creating an early form of economic memory. According to Maurer, this shows that money has always functioned more like a social ledger than a tangible object.
Fast forward to today, blockchain technology is breathing new life into this ancient principle.
Is Bitcoin Truly Revolutionary?
While Bitcoin is often branded as “digital gold” or a new kind of cash, Maurer challenges this framing. Despite recognizing the importance of ledgers, he believes Bitcoin still leans too heavily on the old idea of money as a token.
Instead, he suggests we see money as an evolving slice of a shared database, constantly rewritten as transactions occur — not a static object passed from person to person.
Through this lens, crypto assets could represent access rights or claims to value rather than being thought of as digital coins. This reframing helps us move beyond the idea of money as a simple medium of exchange.
Trust, Reimagined Through Blockchain
One of blockchain’s most transformative features is its ability to restructure trust. Humans are, at their core, relational beings. Blockchain introduces a way to formalize these relationships without centralized control.
It offers a digital framework for cooperation, transparency, and memory — one that echoes the clay tablets of ancient times but is built for the decentralized digital world.
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