Yigit Taha OZTURK 
As the Ethereum Layer-2 (L2) ecosystem continues to grow, with most of Ethereum’s daily economic activity now taking place on L2 solutions, the issue of centralization remains.
Elena Sinelnikova, co-founder of Metis L2, recently told Cointelegraph that Layer-2 scaling solutions should adopt decentralized sequencers to maximize anti-fragility and censorship resistance.
According to Sinelnikova, most L2 networks feature only a single sequencer, and many users are unaware that they are transacting on centrally managed platforms that could be controlled or shut down at any time. Sinelnikova stated:
“Approximately 97% of all Ethereum transactions occur on Layer-2s — so basically almost all of them. Layer-2 solutions were never meant to be decentralized. They are centralized solutions with one sequencer.”
Sinelnikova also addressed the Ethereum Foundation’s proposals to enhance decentralization by promoting L2 interoperability as an alternative to the current model of siloed and competing L2 solutions. However, the Metis co-founder argued that adopting decentralized sequencers is a simpler and more effective option.
Ethereum Layer-2 Networks Continue to Grow
Sinelnikova expects the number of Layer-2 scaling solutions to continue growing in 2025, and recent developments in the Ethereum L2 ecosystem support this expectation.
In October 2024, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlined plans to increase throughput to 100,000 transactions per second (TPS). This ambitious goal is part of Ethereum’s roadmap known as “The Surge”, which seeks to achieve 100,000 TPS between Ethereum’s base layer and its Layer-2 networks.
Layer-2 networks processed three times as much daily transaction data in November 2024 compared to March 2024. This increased activity led to a surge in fees on Ethereum’s base layer, helping reverse several months of low Ethereum revenues.
Total Value Locked in Ethereum L2s
According to L2Beat data, Ethereum L2s recorded $51.5 billion in total value locked in November 2024, experiencing 205% year-over-year growth. This figure swelled to over $60 billion in early December 2024, with Arbitrum One and Base leading with $21.5 billion and $14.2 billion, respectively.
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